A Bangladeshi couple, who ran a sweet-making business in Auckland and paid their employees just $6 an hour, have been jailed for their two-year exploitation of migrant workers.
Mohammed Atiqul Islam and Nafisa Ahmed were jointly charged by Immigration New Zealand (INZ) with several offences, including deceptively arranging the entry of two Bangladeshi nationals into the country, reports The New Zealand Herald.
The pair, both New Zealand citizens, were also charged but found not guilty – at a lengthy Auckland District Court trial – of human trafficking.
It was one of only a handful of human trafficking prosecutions in New Zealand's legal history.
Atiqul, a company director in his late 30s, was found guilty on 10 charges of exploitation and seven other immigration-related offences.
Also known as Kafi Islam, he was found guilty of a further three charges of attempting to pervert the course of justice.
Nafisa, an accountant in her mid 30s, was jointly found guilty of seven exploitation charges relating to the five victims.
Accusations made
The pair's offences were uncovered after two of the chefs at the Royal Sweets Cafe, also known as the Royal Bengal Cafe, complained to New Zealand authorities about the conditions imposed on them.
The chefs' passports were also confiscated immediately after they arrived in New Zealand from Bangladesh, after responding to advertisements for work in Bangla newspapers.
Judge Brooke Gibson said the chefs had "suffered grievously."
Working long hours, Atiqul and Nafisa's employees were paid just $6 an hour, were not paid for all of the hours they worked or any holiday pay, the court heard.
The pre-tax adult minimum wage in New Zealand is currently $17.70.
Those employees on temporary visas were also encouraged by Atiqul and Nafisa to breach their visa conditions by working more hours.
Crown prosecutor Jacob Parry said some of the victims suffered swollen legs and hands, and one thought "we might die from overwork."
"There is an attitude for the health of the business over the health of the workers," Jacob said.
One worker had also said they would not have suffered such long working hours in Bangladesh.
Atiqul's lawyer, Ron Mansfield, argued that workers claiming they were fearing death was a "complete exaggeration".
He said the living conditions of the workers were far better than those of other comparable exploitation cases.
Steven Lack, the lawyer for Nafisa, said his client was less culpable because she was not as involved in the day-to-day running of the sweet-making business.
Courtroom proceedings
Both Ron Mansfield and Steven Lack had called for sentences of home detention for the couple.
But a pre-sentence report for Nafisa said she had not expressed a willingness to change and blamed the lack of employee payment on cash flow problems.

Judge Gibson, however, said the evidence showed Nafisa aided her husband's offending, and her attitude displayed the couple's "arrogant and self-entitled approach to [their] employees."

"Neither of you take any responsibility for this offending; neither of you have any remorse," he said.

Both Atiqul and Nafisa, who have a young son together, were aware of New Zealand's minimum wage laws, and are university educated people who have worked in the country for several years, Judge Gibson said.

He said the evidence showed the couple's exploitation was "calculated and premeditated" and conducted for commercial gain.

It was a "selfish manipulation of people, largely from your own community", Judge Gibson said.

"The jury rightly found you guilty," he said. "In some ways you were shamelessly so."

Atiqul was sentenced to four years and five months' imprisonment, while Nafisa was jailed for two years and six months by Judge Gibson.

"You paid your employees $6 per hour, encouraged workers to breach their visas, confiscated the passports of the chefs immediately after their arrival in New Zealand," the judge told the couple.

"In the end, the workers resorted to the New Zealand Police to get their passports back. I have no doubt the passports were taken and withheld for the purpose of controlling your employees," he said.

After sentencing, INZ assistant general manager Pete Devoy said worker exploitation "erodes the dignity of the victims."

"I'm pleased for [the victims] that they have been listened to and believed by the jury," he continued.

"I thank them for their strength of character in bringing these matters to our attention and following them through to trial. It's an ordeal they should not have had to face."

After the verdicts, INZ acting general manager Jock Gilray also said: "Exploiting migrants is an abhorrent practice that undermines human rights and creates an uneven playing field for the vast majority of New Zealand business that seek to comply with New Zealand law."

Recent surge of human trafficking

The first human trafficking charges in New Zealand were brought by INZ in August 2015.

Two men were charged for arranging by deception the entry of Indian nationals into New Zealand. However, they were both found not guilty of the trafficking charges, with one found guilty on other charges.

The first person to be convicted of human trafficking in New Zealand, Faroz Ali, was sentenced in December 2016 to nine years and six months' imprisonment and ordered to pay $28,167 in reparation to his victims.

Faroz's lawyer Mohammed Idris Hanif was also later found guilty of knowingly providing false and misleading information to INZ, which helped enable the offending.

Hanif was sentenced last September to 10 months' home detention with six months' post detention conditions and ordered to pay reparations to the three Fijian workers who were exploited.

Last week Hanif was struck off the roll of barristers and solicitors by the New Zealand Lawyers & Conveyancers Disciplinary Tribunal.

Human trafficking is the second largest crime in the world and reaps billions of dollars in profits every year.